Telecommunication is the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. In modern times, this process almost always involves the sending of electromagnetic waves by electronic transmitters but in earlier years it may have involved the use of smoke signals, drums or semaphore. Today, telecommunication is widespread
Year: 2014
Electric energy is produced at electric power generating stations and transported over high-voltage transmission lines to utilization points. The trend toward using higher voltages is motivated by the increased line capacity while reducing line losses per unit of power transmitted. The reduction in losses is significant and is an important
Circuit analysis refers to characterizing the current flowing through and voltage across every circuit element within a given circuit. Some general rules apply when analyzing any circuit with any number of elements. However, before discussing this rules, we need to define other terms that are commonly used in circuit analysis
As a practicing engineer, you will work on projects that require a wide range of different engineers and engineering disciplines. Communication among those engineers will be vital to the successful completion of the project. You will be in a better position to communicate with the engineers working on electrical systems
Degradation of insulating materials due to Degradation in surface quality (pollution). Excessive temperature. Partial discharge in the vacuoles (micro pockets) inside the insulating materials. Accidental reduction in electrical insulation (presence of animals, tree branches, tools left by carelessness on a bus bar, etc.). Destruction due to external causes (hit by
Short-circuits can be defined according to three main characteristics: – Their origin: They may be mechanical: breakdown of conductors or accidental electrical connection between two conductors via a foreign body such as a tool or animal. They may be electrical: following the degradation of the insulation between phases, or between
In the motoring operation the d.c. machine is made to work from a d.c. source and absorb electrical power. This power is converted into the mechanical form. This is briefly discussed here. If the armature of the d.c. machine which is at rest is connected to a dc source then,
In the case of a hetero-polar generator the induced emf in a conductor goes through a cyclic change in voltage as it passes under north and south pole polarity alternately. The induced emf in the conductor therefore is not a constant but alternates in magnitude. For a constant velocity of
Homopolar generators Even though the magnetic poles occur in pairs, in a homopolar generator the conductors are arranged in such a manner that they always move under one polarity. Either North Pole or South Pole could be used for this purpose. Since the conductor encounters the magnetic flux of the
