Electrical engineering is the historical name for what is now called electrical, electronics, and computer engineering. Originating in the 19th…

Electrical energy consumption is the electrical energy use by all the various loads on the power system. Consumption also includes…

Source and linear circuit elements are ideal circuit elements. One central notion of circuit theory is combining the ideal elements…

Discrete-time signals are functions defined on the integers; they are sequences. One of the fundamental results of signal theory will…

The basic idea of communication engineering is to use a signal’s parameters to represent either real numbers or other signals.…

A major application of electric energy is in its conversion to mechanical energy. Electromagnetic, or “EM” devices designed for this…

COLD LOAD PICKUP Following periods of extended service interruption, the advantages provided by load diversity are often lost. The term…

Multi-function or extended function refers to a meter that can measure reactive or apparent power (e.g., kvar or kVA) in…

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) is the foundation for the distribution automation system. The ability to remotely monitor and…

The implementation of “distribution automation” within the continental U.S. is as diverse and numerous as the utilities themselves. Particular strategies…