The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) defines grounding as a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, by which…

The process of connecting the grounding system to earth is called earthing and consists of immersing a metal electrode or…

Earth electrodes may be made electrodes, natural electrodes, or special-purpose electrodes. Made electrodes include driven rods, buried conductors, ground mats,…

A bare rock mountaintop location provides special challenges to the facility design engineer. There is no soil, thus there are…

A facility that is down for even 5 min can suffer a significant loss of productivity or data that may…

A more sophisticated power-control system is shown in Figure 1, where a dual feeder supply is coupled with a motor-generator…

Engine-generator sets are available for power levels ranging from less than 1 kVA to several thousand kVA or more. Machines…

Generators for standby power applications can be induction or synchronous machines. Most engine-generator systems in use today are of the…

An uninterruptible power system is an elegant solution to power outage concerns. The output of the UPS inverter can be…

Noise produced by backup power systems can be a serious problem if not addressed properly. Standby generators, motor-generator sets, and…