Author name: Engr. Aneel Kumar

The shunt reactors are generally designed for natural cooling with the radiators mounted directly on the tank. However sometimes it is required to have some control action in the cooling circuit depending on the status of the shunt reactor circuit breaker. The control action can be initiated by the circuit breaker auxiliary contact or by […]

Similarly to the power transformers, HV oil immersed shunt reactors typically have build-in mechanical devices for internal fault or abnormal operating condition detection. Typically the following built-in mechanical fault detection devices can be encountered within shunt reactor: • gas detection relay (i.e. Buchholz relay) with alarm and trip stage • sudden pressure relay • winding

Turn-to-turn faults in shunt reactor present a formidable challenge to the protection engineer. The current and the voltage changes encountered during such fault are very small and therefore sensitive and reliable protection against turn-to-turn faults is difficult to achieve. At the same time the longitudinal differential protection offers no protection at all for such faults.

1) LINEARITY: For normal operating voltages there is a linear relationship between applied voltage and reactor current (i.e. a small increase in voltage will result in a proportional increase in current). Magnetic fluxes and flux densities are also proportional to the time integral of the applied voltage. With a voltage of sinusoidal shape the fluxes

Steam turbine power plants can use coal, oil, natural gas, or just about any combustible material as the fuel resource. However, each fuel type requires a unique set of accessory equipment to inject fuel into the boiler, control the burning process, vent and exhaust gases, capture unwanted byproducts, and so on. Some fossil fuel power

High pressure and high temperature steam is created in a boiler, furnace, or heat exchanger and moved through a steam turbine generator (STG) that converts the steam’s energy into rotational energy that turns the generator shaft. The steam turbine’s rotating shaft is directly coupled to the generator rotor. The STG shaft speed is tightly controlled

Power plants produce electrical energy on a real-time basis. Electric power systems do not store energy such as most gas or water systems do. For example, when a toaster is switched on and drawing electrical energy from the system, the associated generating plants immediately see this as new load and slightly slow down. As more

Devices that are connected to the power system are referred to as electrical loads. Toasters, refrigerators, bug zappers, and so on are considered electrical loads. There are three types of electrical loads. They vary according to their leading or lagging time relationship between voltage and current. The three load types are resistive, inductive, and capacitive.

Power system stability is a single problem, however, it is impractical to deal with it as such. Instability of the power system can take different forms and is influenced by a wide range of factors. Analysis of stability problems, including identifying essential factors that contribute to instability and devising methods of improving stable operation is

While it is true that power systems are designed to be transiently stable, and many of the methods described above may be used to achieve this goal, in actual practice, systems may be prone to being unstable. This is largely due to uncertainties related to assumptions made during the design process. These uncertainties result from