Author name: Engr. Aneel Kumar

Both electrical and electronic instruments measure electrical quantities like voltage and current etc. Purely electrical instruments do not have any built-in amplifying device to increase the amplitude of the quantity being measured. The common dc voltmeter based on moving-coil meter movement is clearly an electrical instrument. The electronic instruments always include in their make-up some […]

When a complex voltage is applied across a circuit containing both inductance and capacitance, it may happen that the circuit resonates at one of the harmonic frequencies of the applied voltage. This phenomenon is known as selective resonance. If it is a series circuit, then large currents would be produced at resonance, even though the

The process of connecting neutral point of 3-phase system to earth (i.e. soil) either directly or through some circuit element (e.g. resistance, reactance etc.) is called neutral grounding. Neutral grounding provides protection to personal and equipment. It is because during earth fault, the current path is completed through the earthed neutral and the protective devices

The conversion of energy available in different forms in nature into electrical energy is known as generation of electrical energy. Electrical energy is a manufactured commodity like clothing, furniture or tools. Just as the manufacture of a commodity involves the conversion of raw materials available in nature into the desired form, similarly electrical energy is

Energy may be needed as heat, as light, as motive power etc. The present-day advancement in science and technology has made it possible to convert electrical energy into any desired form. This has given electrical energy a place of pride in the modern world. The survival of industrial undertakings and our social structures depends primarily

The electric power system in India is 3-phase AC operating at a frequency of 50 Hz. The power station delivers power to consumers through its transmission and distribution systems. The power delivered must be characterized by constant or nearly constant voltage, dependability of service, balanced voltage, and efficiency so as to give minimum annual cost,

The variable load on a power station introduces many perplexities in its operation. Some of the important effects of variable load on a power station are (i) NEED OF ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT: The variable load on a power station necessitates to have additional equipment. By way of illustration, consider a steam power station. Air, coal and

In order to prevent or correct harmonic problems that could occur within an industrial facility, an evaluation of system harmonics should be performed if the facility conditions meet one or more of the criteria below. 1. The application of capacitor banks in systems where 20% or more of the load includes other harmonic generating equipment.

The effects of three-phase harmonics on circuits are similar to the effects of stress and high blood pressure on the human body. High levels of stress or harmonic distortion can lead to problems for the utility’s distribution system, plant distribution system and any other equipment serviced by that distribution system. Effects can range from spurious

Conventional electromagnetic devices as well as semiconductor applications act as sources of harmonics. Conventional electromagnetic devices include stationary transformer as well as rotating machines. Harmonic generation in these machine depends on the properties of the materials used to construct them, different design constraints and considerations, operating principle and of course load environment. Beside these arcing