In virtually every engineering application there is a need for measuring some physical quantities, such as forces, stresses, temperatures, pressures,…

Balancing authorities are responsible for the performance of the electric system is to ensure that at every moment of time…

The electric utility industry over time developed planning, operating, and design standards to address customer expectations of reliable service. These…

Reliability of a system is difficult to measure. Perhaps the best way is through evaluation of the consequences of possible…

The costs of electric power outages to U.S. electric customers are generally called “socioeconomic” costs. Attempts have been made to…

Interruptions in the supply of electricity to customers can occur at any hour of the day or night and can…

SMART GRID Smart Grid is one of a number of names used to describe a transmission and distribution network that…

There are a large range of possible approaches and concepts for storing energy in electric utility systems. These are discussed…

Energy storage applications offer potential benefits to the transmission and distribution system because of the ability of modern power electronics,…

An alternate means of transmitting electricity is to use high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology. As the name implies, HVDC uses…