There are three basic types of relays that are used for ground relaying; overcurrent relays, distance relays, and pilot relays. Ground relays are almost always completely independent of phase relays, even though any fault current, including ground fault current, will flow through one or more of the phase relays. The ground relays, however, can be […]
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There are several ways in which the system and the generator may interact with subsynchronous effects. A few of these interactions are basic in concept and have been given special names which are discussed here. •Induction generator effect • Torsional interaction • Transient torque 1) INDUCTION GENERATOR EFFECT: Induction generator effect (IGE) is caused by
TYPES OF SUBSYNCHRONOUS RESONANCE INTERACTIONS Read More »
CSMA/CD: Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) is one of the most popular access methods, with CSMA/CD, every host has equal access to the wire and can place data on the wire when the wire is free from traffic. If a host wishes to place data on the wire, it will “sense” the
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Networks are built using a topology of bus, star, or ring, but how the systems will be connected in the topology that you choose. Cabling is the medium for the transmission of data between hosts on the LANs. LANs can be connected together using a variety of cable types, such as unshielded twisted-pair, coax, or
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Organizations of different sizes, structures, and budgets need different types of networks. A local newspaper company has needs for its network that would be different from the needs of a multinational company. Networks can be divided into one of two categories: peer-to-peer or server-based networks. PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK: A peer-to-peer network has no dedicated servers; instead,
There are two different techniques that may be used to transmit the signal along the network wire which are base-band communication and broadband communication. BASEBAND Sends digital signals through the media as a single channel that uses the entire bandwidth of the media. The signal is delivered as a pulse of electricity or light, depending
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It is typical for networks to implement a mixture of topologies to form a hybrid topology. For example, a very popular hybrid topology is a star-bus topology, in which a number of star topologies are connected by a central bus. This is a popular topology because the bus will connect hubs that are spread over
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Basically, the DSTATCOM system is comprised of three main parts: a Voltage Source Converter (VSC), a set of coupling reactors and a controller. The basic principle of a DSTATCOM installed in a power system is the generation of a controllable ac voltage source by a voltage source inverter (VSI) connected to a dc capacitor (energy
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A network topology is the physical layout of computers, cables, and other components on a network. There are a number of different network topologies, and a network may be built using multiple topologies. The different types of network layouts are Bus topology Star topology Mesh topology Ring topology Hybrid topology Wireless topology 1) BUS TOPOLOGY
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In a ring topology, all computers are connected via a cable that loops in a ring or circle. As shown in Figure 1, a ring topology is a circle that has no start and no end. Because there are no ends, terminators are not necessary in a ring topology. Signals travel in one direction on
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