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The effective resistance offered by a conductor to high frequencies is considerably greater than the ohmic resistance measured with direct currents (dc). This is because of an action known as the skin effect, which causes the currents to be concentrated in certain parts of the conductor and leaves the remainder of the cross section to […]

A typical modern power system is a high-order multivariable process whose dynamic response is influenced by a wide array of devices with different characteristics and response rates. Stability is a condition of equilibrium between opposing forces. Depending on the network topology, system operating condition and the form of disturbance, different sets of opposing forces may

“Power system stability is the ability of an electric power system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded so that practically the entire system remains intact”. The definition applies to an interconnected power system as a whole.

The term alternative energy is referred to the energy produced in an environmentally friendly way (different from conventional means, i.e., through fossil-fuel power plants, nuclear power plants and hydropower plants). Alternative energy considered in this dissertation is either renewable or with high energy conversion efficiency. There is a broad range of energy sources that can

The five major factors that contribute to the renewed interest in distributed generation (DG) system: Electricity market liberalization  Developments in DG technologies  Increased customer demand for highly reliable electricity. Environmental concerns. Constraints on the construction of new transmission lines. ADVANTAGES OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS: UTILITY PERSPECTIVE: On-site power supply avoids transmission and distribution losses. Increasing

Distributed Generation (DG) also called as site generation, dispersed generation, embedded generation, decentralized generation, decentralized energy or distributed energy, generates electricity from the many small energy sources. In recent years, micro electric power systems such as photovoltaic generation systems, wind generators and micro gas turbines, etc., have increased with the deregulation and liberalization of the

Main features of power MOSFETs are: a) MOS type FETs are basically majority carrier devices; consequently, they differ greatly from bipolar transistors which are minority carrier devices. b) MOS type FETs are not current controlled devices as are bipolar transistors. They are voltage controlled devices and are controlled by the voltage applied between the gate

The circuit, shown below, uses a UJT to trigger a SCR. The UJT is used to more accurately trigger the SCR. When the source voltage exceeds 20V, the zener diode (DZ) will begin to conduct, applying a DC voltage across the base connections of the UJT. At the same time, diode D1 will be forward

GTO being a monolithic p-n-p-n structure just like a thryistor its basic operating principle can be explained in a manner similar to that of a thyristor. In particular, the p-n-p-n structure of a GTO can be though of consisting of one p-n-p and one n-p-n transistor connected in the regenerative configuration as shown in Figure.

In many engineering situations it is useful to scale, or normalize, dimensioned quantities. This is commonly done in power system analysis. The standard method used is referred to as the per-unit system. Historically, this was done to simplify numerical calculations that were made by hand. Although this advantage is eliminated by the calculator, other advantages