Author name: Engr. Aneel Kumar

Cables are generally laid directly in the ground or in ducts in the underground distribution system. For this reason, there are little chances of faults in underground cables. However, if a fault does occur, it is difficult to locate and repair the fault because conductors are not visible. Nevertheless, the following are the faults most likely […]

Thermal (coal, gas, nuclear) and hydro-generations are the main conventional methods of generation of Electrical Energy. These enjoy the advantages of reaching perfections in technologies for these processes. Further, single units rated at large power-outputs can be manufactured along with main components, auxiliaries and switch- gear due to vast experiences during the past century. These

Insulators for an overhead power line (OHL), in many substation applications and on the overhead electrification systems of railways, must, primarily, support the conductors. Also important, as already mentioned, is the need to avoid frequent flashover events from occurring. Although the total mechanical failure of such an insulator is, fortunately, a rare event, its occurrence

There are several types of insulators but the most commonly used are pin type, suspension type, strain insulator and shackle insulator. PIN TYPE INSULATORS The pin type insulator is secured to the cross-arm on the pole. There is a groove on the upper end of the insulator for housing the conductor. The conductor passes through

The various electrical instruments may, in a very broad sense, be divided into (i) Absolute Instruments (ii) Secondary Instruments. Absolute Instruments are those which give the value of the quantity to be measured, in terms of the constants of the instrument and their deflection only. No previous calibration or comparison is necessary in their case.

BATTERIES FOR AIRCRAFT The on-board power requirements in aircraft have undergone many changes during the last three or four decades. The jet engines of the aircraft which require starting currents of about 1000A impose a heavy burden on the batteries. However, these days this load is provided by small Turbo-generator sets and since batteries are

A hybrid cell may be defined as a galvanic electro-technical generator in which one of the active reagents is in the gaseous state i.e. the oxygen of the air. Such cells take advantage of both battery and fuel cell technology. Examples of such cells are: 1. Metal-air cells such as iron oxygen and zinc oxygen

A battery charger is an electrical device that is used for putting energy into a battery. The battery charger changes the AC from the power line into DC suitable for charger. However, DC generator and alternators are also used as charging sources for secondary batteries. In general, a mains-operated battery charger consists of the following elements:

The following important points should be kept in mind for keeping the battery in good condition: 1. Discharging should not be prolonged after the minimum value of the voltage for the particular rate of discharge is reached. 2. It should not be left in discharged condition for long. 3. The level of the electrolyte should

Since active material on a Plante plate consists of a thin layer of PbO2 formed on and from the surface of the lead plate, it must be made of large superficial area in order to get an appreciable volume of it. An ordinary lead plate subjected to the forming process as discussed above will have very small capacity.