Author name: Engr. Aneel Kumar

It has been observed that in case of very small gaps of less than a mm and the gas pressure between the gap lies in the range 10–9 to 10–2 torr, there is no change in the breakdown voltage i.e, if the gap length is small a variation of gas pressure in the range given above doesn’t affect the breakdown voltage. […]

The vacuum breakdown mechanism based on this theory makes following assumption: (i) A loosely bound particle known as clump exists on one of the electrode surfaces. (ii) When a high voltage is applied between the two electrodes, this clump gets charged and subsequently gets detached from the mother electrode and is attracted by the other

The main requirements of the insulating materials used for power apparatus are: 1. High insulation resistance 2. High dielectric strength 3. Good mechanical properties i.e tenacity and elasticity 4. It should not be affected by chemicals around it 5. It should be non-hygroscopic because the dielectric strength of any material goes very much down with

GROUNDING Grounding is one of the most important aspects of an electrical distribution system but often the least understood. Your Electrical Code sets out the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for safety standards in electrical installations. For instance, the Code may specify requirements in the following areas: (a) The protection of life from the danger

1) OLD GUIDELINES ARE NOT THE BEST GUIDELINES Guidelines like the Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Association Curve (CBEMA, now called the ITIC Curve) and the Federal Information Processing Standards Pub94 (FIPS Pub94) are still frequently cited as being modern power quality guidelines. The ITIC curve is a generic guideline for characterizing how electronic loads typically

The three major factors contributing to the problems associated with power quality are: USE OF SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC LOADS The electric utility system is designed to provide reliable, efficient, bulk power that is suitable for the very large majority of electrical equipment. However, devices like computers and digital controllers have been widely adopted by electrical end-users.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) defines power quality as: “The concept of powering and grounding electronic equipment in a manner that is suitable to the operation of that equipment and compatible with the premise wiring system and other connected equipment.” Making sure that power and equipment are suitable for each other also

The term power quality (PQ) is generally applied to a wide variety of electromagnetic phenomena occurring within a power system network. The ability of the power systems to deliver undistorted voltage, current and frequency signals is termed as quality of power supply. Unexpected variation of the voltage or current from normal characteristics can damage or

VOLTAGE DIP is a reduction in the RMS voltage in the range of 0.1 to 0.9 pu (retained) for duration greater than hall a mains cycle and less than 1 minute, Often referred to as a ‘sag’, Caused by faults, increased load demand and transitional events such as large motor starting. VOLTAGE SWELL is an

1. What is the “end of useful life”? The IEEE defines “end of useful life” for a UPS battery as being the point when it can no longer supply 80 percent of its rated capacity in ampere-hours. When your battery reaches 80 percent of its rated capacity, the aging process accelerates and the battery should