Skip to main content

HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

A number of auxiliary systems and related controls are provided throughout the hydroelectric plant to support the operation of the generating units. These include the following:

1. Switchyard systems.

2. Alternating current (AC) station service. Depending on the size and criticality of the plant, multiple sources are often supplied, with emergency backup provided by a diesel generator.

3. Direct current (DC) station service. It is normally provided by one or more battery banks, for supply of protection, control, emergency lighting, and exciter field flashing.

4. Lubrication systems, particularly for supply to generator and turbine bearings and bushings.

5. Drainage pumps, for removing leakage water from the plant.

6. Air compressors, for supply to the governors, generator brakes, and other systems.

7. Cooling water systems, for supply to the generator air coolers, generator and turbine bearings, and step-up transformer.

8. Fire detection and extinguishing systems.

9. Intake gate or isolation valve systems.

10. Draft tube gate systems.

11. Reservoir and tailrace water level monitoring.

12. Synchronous condenser equipment, for dewatering the draft tube to allow the runner to spin in air during synchronous condenser operation. In this case, the generator acts as a synchronous motor, supplying or absorbing reactive power.

13. Service water systems.

14. Overhead crane.

15. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.

16. Environmental systems.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CORONA

Corona has many advantages and disadvantages. In the correct design of a high voltage overhead line, a balance should be struck between the advantages and disadvantages. ADVANTAGES (i) Due to corona formation, the air surrounding the conductor becomes conducting and hence virtual diameter of the conductor is increased. The increased diameter reduces the electrostatic stresses between the conductors. (ii) Corona reduces the effects of transients produced by surges. DIS-ADVANTAGES (i) Corona is accompanied by a loss of energy. This affects the transmission efficiency of the line. (ii) Ozone is produced by corona and may cause corrosion of the conductor due to chemical action. (iii) The current drawn by the line due to corona is non-sinusoidal and hence non-sinusoidal voltage drop occurs in the line. This may cause inductive interference with neighboring communication lines.
Read more

ADVANTAGES OF PER UNIT SYSTEM

PER UNIT SYSTEM The per-unit system expressed the voltages, currents, powers, impedances, and other electrical quantities basis by the equation: Quantity per unit (pu) = Actual value/ Base value of quantity ADVANTAGES OF PER UNIT SYSTEM While performing calculations, referring quantities from one side of the transformer to the other side serious errors may be committed. This can be avoided by using per unit system. Voltages, currents and impedances expressed in per unit do not change when they are referred from one side of transformer to the other side. This is a great advantage. Per unit impedances of electrical equipment of similar type usually lie within a narrow range, when the equipment ratings are used as base values. Transformer connections do not affect the per unit values. Manufacturers usually specify the impedances of machines and transformers in per unit or percent of name plate ratings. Transformers can be replaced by their equivalent series impedances. ...
1 comment
Read more

ABSOLUTE AND SECONDARY INSTRUMENTS

The various electrical instruments may, in a very broad sense, be divided into (i) Absolute Instruments (ii) Secondary Instruments. Absolute Instruments are those which give the value of the quantity to be measured, in terms of the constants of the instrument and their deflection only. No previous calibration or comparison is necessary in their case. The example of such an instrument is tangent galvanometer, which gives the value of current, in terms of the tangent of deflection produced by the current, the radius and number of turns of wire used and the horizontal component of earth’s field.  Secondary Instruments  are those, in which the value of electrical quantity to be measured can be determined from the deflection of the instruments, only when they have been pre-calibrated by comparison with an absolute instrument. Without calibration, the deflection of such instruments is meaningless. It is the secondary instruments, which are most generally used in ev...
Post a Comment
Read more