Some General precautions should be observed in electrical measurements, and sources of error should be avoided, as detailed below: 1.…

The huge cost and the fact that the system must literally extend everywhere that the utility does business, means that…

Distribution lines, called feeders, take power from each substation and route it to every neighborhood. Feeders are most often built…

The bulk power produced at a generating plant is moved to where it is needed over bulk power transmission lines.…

There was and still is a tremendous economy of scale in nearly every aspect of power systems equipment. If a…

Electric power does not exist naturally. It must be produced by machinery that turns some other form of energy into…

Traditionally, the term electric utility denoted a vertically-integrated company operating under a monopoly franchise. Vertically integrated meant it performed all…

A diode is a 2 lead semiconductor that acts as a one way gate to electron flow.Diode allows current to…

A micro controller differs from a microprocessor in many ways. The first and most important difference is its functionality. In…

Pocket pagers (low-power, interprets characters, user interface) Cameras (low-power, exposure and focus control, user interface) “Levelmeter“ (measures angle, audible and…