A number of methods for isolating a generator once a fault has been detected are commonly being implemented. They fall…

A number of catastrophic failures have occurred in the past when synchronous generators have been accidentally energized while at standstill.…

In an apparatus protection perspective, generators constitute a special class of power network equipment because faults are very rare but…

Any numbers of conditions have been the reason for an electrical transformer failure. Statistics show that winding failures most frequently…

Switching of shunt reactors (and other devices characterized as having small inductive currents such as transformer magnetizing currents, motor starting…

SERIES CAPACITOR BANK APPLICATIONS Installation of a series capacitor bank in a transmission line (standard or thyristor controlled) has the…

Surges associated with switching transmission lines (overhead, SF6, or cable) include those that are generated by line energizing, reclosing (three…

Switching surges occur on power systems as a result of instantaneous changes in the electrical configuration of the system, and…

A direct stroke is defined as a lightning stroke when it hits either a shield wire, tower, or a phase…

The level reached by VFT overvoltages originated by disconnector switching or line-to-ground faults inside a GIS is below the BIL…