Electrical power can be produced in many ways, including chemical reactions, heat, light, or mechanical energy. Most electrical power produced…

In addition to the basic components of a synchronous generator (the rotor, stator, and their windings), auxiliary devices are used…

The process of interrupting the current in an ac system is aided by the fact that ac current goes through…

In cases where HVDC is selected on technical considerations, it may be the only practical option, as in the case…

High-voltage dc (HVDC) transmission offers several advantages over alternating current for long-distance power transmission and asynchronous interconnection between two ac…

Distribution systems are designed to maintain service voltages within specified limits during normal and emergency conditions. Typical voltage limits are:…

The circuit breaker scheme used at a substation provides for varying degrees of reliability and maintainability on both the input…

Specialized hardware is necessary to interconnect the elements of a power-distribution system. Utility control and switching systems operate under demanding…

The effective resistance offered by a conductor to high frequencies is considerably greater than the ohmic resistance measured with direct…

The connection of several generating stations in parallel is known as interconnected grid system. The various problems facing the power…